How to Pick a Blade Length for Your Chainsaw

When selecting a blade length for your chainsaw, it is important to take into consideration the nature of your work and the size of your work area. For most simple jobs, such as backyard pruning, a chainsaw with a saw bar or blade that can cut through an average tree limb will be adequate. For other work, consider several factors before selecting a chainsaw: blade length and the power of the saws engine displacement, which is measured in cubic centimeters (cc). It takes substantial power to drive a chain on a longer, heavier bar through dense wood. The length of your blade should ultimately be determined by the horsepower of your saw. You should also take into account the type of work you will be doing with your chainsaw. A saw that would be perfect for a sawyer on a logging deck might be very awkward in the hands of someone working in a tree. Possibly the most important safety issues to keep in mind are your experience, physical condition, and health. The blade size and power of your chainsaw should match your experience and ability. Small saws can still be dangerous but are more forgiving to new chainsaw users. Electric Chainsaws Electric chainsaws attach to a power outlet using a length of cord or are powered by a strong battery. If you are using a chainsaw for the first time, you should start with an electric chainsaw to gain some practical experience. The standard blade sizes are relatively small, at 8 to 12 inches. Electric chainsaws are perfect for yard work such as limb thinning, trimming and pruning. They are also adequate for larger limb removal and cutting down smaller trees. This type of chainsaw should not be used for storm damage cleanup, felling larger trees, or cutting firewood. Light-Duty Chainsaws Light-duty chainsaws are also good tools for beginning chainsaw users looking to gain some practical experience. For many users, they are all you will ever need. The standard blade sizes are 10 to 14 inches, with engine displacements of 30 to 45 ccs. Like electric chainsaws, these tools are great for yard work, and they come with greater power than their plug-in counterparts. They are also adequate for the removal of larger limbs and smaller trees.  As with electrics, these tools should not be used for storm damage cleanup, felling larger trees, or cutting firewood. Medium- to Heavy-Duty Chainsaws Here is where things start to get more complicated. Larger saws should only be operated by people who have experience using chainsaws. In the wrong hands, these tools can be very dangerous, so newcomers should train with smaller saws before handling them. The standard blade sizes for medium- to heavy-duty chainsaws are 14 to 18 inches, with engine displacements of 40 to 50 cc. Heavy-duty saws with long blades are adequate for heavy yard work, though in many cases they tend to be overkill and can actually hinder you on a small job. Large saws are best for cutting larger limbs, bucking medium tree trunks for removal, and working on storm damage. Chainsaws with longer blades (18 to 20 inches) are workhorses best reserved for  felling larger trees  or cutting firewood. Professional Chainsaws Professional chainsaws are mainly for people who use a chainsaw every day, usually in the process of a regular work routine. If you depend upon a chainsaw for your livelihood, this is the tool for you. Most professional saws will range from 60 cc-sized engines on up to more than 120 ccs. Sometimes property owners choose a professional chainsaw to meet the demands of constant heavy work or if the cutting jobs on the property require a larger powered saw. These tools are also used as the power and saw for portable chainsaw mills.

The Roman and Achaemenid Empires - 539 Words

The Roman and Achaemenid Empires are arguably the most significant empires in human history. Although separated by many years, they had countless resemblances that may have had an important role in their success. First, you can see parallels concerning their approaches to governance. Both empires were so expansive that they could not be practically controlled by one central authority. They both had analogous attitudes towards the general population, religious tolerance and were greatly influenced by the cultures they annexed into their empires. Rome and Persia paralleled in many aspects of governmental policy. They were both governed under a republic in order to manage their expansive conquered lands. Both empires were huge and well organized. According to History World International, the Persian Empire governed different conquered peoples on the principle of equal responsibilities and equal rights. If taxes were paid and no one revolted against their rule, local religion, customs, and trade would be left to the local government (Giusepi. 2004. p 1). While the Roman Empire did allow many religious and cultural freedoms as well, they did attempt to â€Å"Romanize† its citizens, and enslave the people they conquered. This caused an understandable amount of unrest amongst its people. Another similarity was how these empires installed a military representative in conquered lands to maintain control and report back to their Emperors (Guisepi. 2004 p 1). According to Cuyler Young’sShow MoreRelatedComparing The Achaemenid Empire And The Imperial Stability And Prosperity Were Cyrus And Darius1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Achaemenid Empire, a pluralistic empire founded in 550 BCE. At its peak, it stretched from the Indus River Valley to the eastern Mediterranean coast. Despite its diversity, the empire remained politically and societally united throughout its existence. The two major Achaemenid emperors responsible for the imperial stability and prosperity were Cyrus and Darius. Due to their unorthodox yet excellent governance, several geographically distinct civilizations such as the Parthians and Romans drewRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1305 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreThe Persian Empire And World Dominance2230 Words   |  9 Pagesthis chapter is that the Achaemenid Persian Empire rose to world dominance because Cyrus and Darius had tolerance for cultural and religious diversity. Her argument for including this Empire in her book is that the story of this Empire goes along with the thesis of the whole book. The Achaemenid Persian Empire rose to global dominance because it had tolerance and then eventually fell because it became intolerant. Chua even says, â€Å"As the world’s first hyperpower, Achaemenid Persia faced, but neverRead MoreDay of Empire Essay2004 Words   |  9 PagesDay Of Empire Summer Reading Essay Empires have dominated our globe for centuries on, yet no one has linked the connection between how these empires rise, and what causes their reign to end. Through collective studies, Day Of Empire author  Amy Chua  presents a persuasive theory which argues that hyper powers achieved their world dominance through tolerance of culture and religion, as well as the individuals residing in the conquered society, amassing their talents for the benefit of theRead MoreThe Empire Of The Persian Empire1051 Words   |  5 Pagesexpansion of the Persian empire. There were important social, economic, and cultural implications due to the organization of classical Persian empire territories. There was a rise and fall of the Persian empire, an imperial society and economy, and religions of salvation in classical Persian society. Empires of Persia came from the land of Iran. The rulers of the Persian province had many conquests that resulted in a huge empire. There were 4 dynasties called the Achaemenids, the Seleucids, ParthiansRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1302 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreThe World Of Ancient Persia1442 Words   |  6 PagesC, the land that we now call Iran was the center of the largest empire in the world. The kings of Ancient Persia( such as Cyrus the Great) were the leaders of a great civilization that made amazing advances in laws, goverment and communication. Founded in 550 B.C by King Cyrus the Great, the Persian Empire spanned from Egypt in the west to Turkey in the north, and through Mesopotamia to the Indus River in the east. Unlike most empires at that time, the Persian kings were benovelent rulers, and allowedRead MoreSignificance Of The Hellenistic Period During The Classical Age1844 Words   |  8 Pageswere integrated into these empires ideas such as beliefs were able to spread much farther distances trade was facilitated throughout these regions - commercial organization 22. How are the political structures of Greece and Rome similar and different? Similarities: Somesort of procedure to remove a government official Only men were allowed to participate Differences: Rome was a republic Greece was depending on the city-state a democracy, monarchy, or oligarchy Roman women can become citizensRead MoreThe Trade Networks And The Persian Civilizations1123 Words   |  5 Pagesnetworks had a larger impact on the Persian civilizations. I believe the promotion of trade and economic integration by building and maintaining roads and issuing currencies determines the empire s success. The trade network linked lands from India to Egypt in a vast commercial zone. Various regions of the Persian empires contributed to the larger imperial economy and specialization of production. The trade growth was promoted by promoted by: relative political stability, standardizing coinage, citiesRead MoreAncient Greece, Rome, And Persian Essay2093 Words   |  9 Pagesthrough the influence of the Roman Empire and its successor the culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece (World Book Advance 2012). The Persian also left an influence on the Greek culture as well. The Roman Civilization came into the picture around the 6th c entury BC. Romans conquered and over one of the biggest chunks of land in the era. According to Rome Wikipedia the period of the ancient Roman civilization, the post-Roman Republic was characterized by

Jamaica free essay sample

As the plane lands, I look out the window to see a poor excuse of a runway; it was a deserted wasteland. I had been to Jamaica before but only the tourist section of Ocho Rios, my only experience was getting off a cruise ship onto a bus and then climbing up a waterfall followed by getting back on the bus and going back to the cruise ship. There was no interaction with the locals other than the ones working at the waterfalls we climbed. As I returned my attention to the runway I looked to the mountain, we landed in Montego Bay one of the largest tourist locations for people in Jamaica, but as I looked you could not tell. There were unfinished houses, houses that were crumbling all over the top of the mountains. â€Å"AMEN!† said the congregation as I snapped back to reality. I was at church like most Sundays I was daydreaming about Jamaica. Timbereidge Presbyterian Church – a church I have been going to since I was 5 – was nothing compared to the services in Jamaica. The excitement and the amazing tunes the congregation sang as they danced to Praise the Lord, it was not anywhere close to what I was used to experiencing. As everyone settled down to listen to the preacher’s thirty-minute monotone sermon, I began to daydream again. It was apparent at customs that what we were doing in Jamaica had never been done before. Besides myself and five others (Coach McCullers, Savannah Hembree, Buddy Norton, Coach TAG, and Doodle) sat in customs for what seemed like an eternity as the workers tried to figure out if our supplies (basketballs, t-shirts, shoes, and jerseys) were to be sold or like we were arguing, to be given away to under privileged girls. After we were finished with customs, we loaded a bus with people we did not know to make a four-hour bus ride to our final destination Mandeville, Jamaica. Needless to say I was the odd person out. I being a Presbyterian had not been â€Å"saved†. I had been confirmed. I do not deny my faith, I believe in Him, but after hearing the views of my fellow Christians that I was accompanying on the trip, I did not tell anyone my position. Coach TAG a belligerent Christian who thought that if you were not a Christian you were going straight to h***. In my opinion, it is God’s choice who goes to h*** and who does and not her. She began to get on my nerves little by little. It may have just been me, but she would say little things like â€Å"she is not a Christian, if she was she wouldn’t have charged us for our basketballs.† She was always insinuating that she was better than everyone because of her position and how she followed Christ. In never dawned on me until this point in times how some Christians assumed that the way they lived there lives were better than others. I only confined a little bit of what I thought to Savannah, but I kept most of it to myself. Finally I fell asleep as we started our way up the mountains. When I woke up we were at the compound. It was a very pleasant area, but I couldn’t see everything because it was already 10:30 and I was very tired. When we went to the dorms, I was shocked to see that there were so many people my age, we ended up sharing a one room bunk house with 16 other girls and their mothers. The shower room to say the least would do, except for the fact of only having cold water, which I got used to by the end of the week. When I finished with my shower, I made my bed and as soon as I laid my head down I was out like a light. The next day (Saturday) we had a free day to prepare for the beginning of the week because Sunday we had church. Savannah and I were surprised to see other groups along with our own at the camp.. A group from Miami, Florida and a group from North Carolina were the groups that we spent the most time. We spent all day playing basketball on the court they had and preparing for the next day. When Sunday arrived, we woke up and ate br eakfast in the mess hall, to my dislike we had to wear skirts anywhere outside the compound (with the exception of our group, who, during the day worked on basketball skills). The church we attended was next to May Day High School, which is where we conducted are basketball camp. It was the poorest area in Mandeville, but the people there were amazing. The church service was wonderful, and the singing, the singing was the most magnificent sound I had ever heard. The way their accents blended with the music was fantastic. The way the service was held was nothing compared to the drone of the Presbyterian Church I was use to attending. It was an exhilarating experience that I will never forget. At first I was timid but as the week grew on, I became more at ease with my feelings because I became used to my surroundings. The girls at the camp were amazing, Sesquia, Chrissy, Paula, Mona, Danielle, and many more would be there in the morning before camp, and would wave as we left in the afternoon. We would play games and relays but at the same time we would teach them the fundamentals and they loved it. Men and women would stand along the side of the court and encourage girls as they competed, which was really uplifting. One day a fight broke out between two men when one walked on the court and would not get off. After we asked him politely another man came to our aid and asked him to get off the court because he was disrespecting us. Words changed to actions and eventually both men were on the ground. Luckily the man that was defending us won. At night when we came back for the service they would still be there to greet us and come to the service with us. The services were held in a tent and Brother Buddy woud preach about how having the Lord in your life was the best feeling. We had the same routing there everyday get up, eat breakfast, coach basketball, go back and eat lunch and chill until it was time to go back to the tent. I slowly began to change throughout the week. For one thing I said my first every prayer out loud (in front of people other than my family). I was so nervous, but Doodle said I did a really good job, and she was a blunt and honest person so I believed her. The last night was the most unforgettable, I did things I never thought I would get caught dead doing. I was dancing and singing along with my new favorite song. â€Å" I feel like Running, Skipping, and Praising the Lord†. During the song they kept repeating the words I feel like â€Å"runnin† which had a motion of running in place, the girls from the camp started a very unorganized conga line which ran all the way around the tent and all of us teenagers and all of the children joined in the festivities. Even Brother Buddy joined in the festivities and grabbed me t o dance with him right in the middle of the tent. I had done nothing of the sort in my life at church before, I would be out of place at my church, but there it did not matter. That night for the final time that week we prayed the pray he always did, asking us to except Christ into our life’s. He would ask you to pray the prayer silently, then raise your hand when you prayed it, followed by standing up and walking towards the front of the congregation to stand with him. He had said the prayer at basketball meetings, and at camp but I never stood up and I never will stand. While there I med a boy named Drew form Fort Myers, Florida, and we became good friends and we would sit and talk about anything and everything. He was an extremely deep person, and he knew we understood each other. So that last night while we were talking I asked him a question. â€Å"What do you want to do when you get older?† I asked. He thought a minute and then responded â€Å" I would like to go to college at Miami and become a doctor in sports medicine, but..† he trailed of as to ponder what he was going to say next and I was eager to hear his answer. I asked â€Å"What?† he just looked at me. He finally said, â€Å"That is what I would like to do, and maybe one day I will, but right now my life is in the hands of God, and there’s nothing I can do about it.† That when it hit me like a ball flying at my face during practice and hitting it square on the cheek. It sunk in deeper than anyone of Brother Buddy’s sermons or that prayer that I had memorized by then. I finally realized that my life was in God’s hands and even though I believed in Him I still did things that should not be done by a God loving person, even though God forgives. Before that statement I had my life planned out for me: Go to college, major in history and minor in philosophy, followed by attending law school to become a corporate lawyer. I wanted to do all those things, but God would be giving me other chances to fulfill my life, even if it may not be my dream. I had been there for six days and of those six days no ones words had sunk in better than those of a 17-year-old high school student. Drew touched me that night like no other person had before. That night I did not say that silly prayer, but I just decided that I wanted God to be in my life more that he already was. After that moment I felt no different, just extremely glad about discovering something that discovering that took 15 years to sink in, that what really mattered was having God in my life. I laughed at myself afterwards, so many people had told others and me how we needed God in our lives, but it was a 17-year-old that did it for me. Not the preachers, not the adults, or the beautiful little girls who touched my life forever but ironically a boy only a year older than me; it was completely astounding. I accepted it though, but I have not told anybody my decision not even my best friend Savannah whose heart was already devoted to God. I went on that trip to help others wit h basketball not push them to devote their lives to Christ. What I ended up doing was devoting my life to God and to follow him, and do whatever he asks me to do, and I accept that and I am not afraid to do what He wants me to do.

Impact of Employee Behavior on Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Explain the impact of employee behavior on company performance and describe the challenges that are likely to face in the process of managing employee behavior? Answer: Organization behavior is a concept and also the application of knowledge about the people and also the groups that perform their task within the organization. The employees are considered as an essential asset of an organization. The success and failure of the organization are dependent on the capability of the people who are conducting their day to day activities. With the positive behavior of the employees, the organization can easily progress and attain the goals and objectives. It is analyzed that the employee's behavior plays a significant role in conducting the operations of the organization in an effective manner. The customer analyzes the behavior of the employees by taking into consideration various problems that are concerned with the products or services. If an employee of the organization focuses and fix the problem of the customers then, it can enhance the goodwill of the company in the minds of the consumers. They create a perception that the company is efficient and he lp the customers to solve the problem. The trust between the consumers enhances and it gives direct impact on the sales and performance of the organization (Moore, Detert, Trevio, Baker and Mayer, 2016). Not only the focus is given on what the employees say, but what the customer remembers is the main point that should be taken into consideration. For customers, the satisfaction is when they have solved their problems by an employee who is capable enough to sort out the problems that are faced by the consumers. The way employee performs and behaves with the consumers can give direct outcome on the performance of the organization. If the customers are satisfied with the services and behavior, then it induces them to avail the services and products again and again. If the customer comes back, then it can be very easy for the organization to attain profitability and also the performance level increases (Mostafa, Gould?Williams and Bottomley, 2015). The behavior of employees gives direct impact on the working operations of the organization. The behavior of the employees is also related with the level of job satisfaction. In the recent scenario, it is evaluated that the organization gives emphasis on ensuring job satisfaction of the employees who are working in the organization (Kim and Kim, 2013).If the employees are satisfied with the job, then it is seen that they are more productive, perform better and also perform the activities that lead to the satisfaction level of the customers. Dissatisfied employees in the organization can create various hurdles for an organization to survive in the competitive environment. Job satisfaction is concerned with the positive feeling that is possessed by the employees of an organization. To survive in the competitive environment it is essential that the organization focuses on enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees. If the employees who are working in the organization are satisfie d, then they will perform their activities with full dedication. If the employees give their best towards the work, then profitability and development can be attained by the organization (Abdallah, 2014). The behavior in the organization also relates to the individuals and groups that are related to each other in the workplace. There are various factors that are faced by the organization to manage the behavior of the employees in the organization. The factors are: Diversity: The workplace consists of various different individuals. The individual belongs from different backgrounds, culture, ages and sexual orientations. The challenges that are faced are related to managing the diversity that will give a positive impact on the performance of the organization. Different individual possess different behavior and attitudes towards the organization. So, it creates a problem for the organization and also for the top management to have a proper control and understanding of the behavior. By having different behavior there are various conflicts that arise (Zeng and Honig, 2017).So the manager of the organization should give a proper decision by considering the problems of both the parties. It is very important that the decision that is given should be accurate and both the parties are satisfied with it. If the employees are satisfied with the decision then the contribution level will be enhanced. If the contribution level is enhanced then the organizati on can easily attain the targets (Wei and Dongri, 2016). Ethics: With the use of media, it is very easy for the scandal to reach a large number of audiences in a short time. The organization always takes into consideration effective policies that are related to the ethical behavior within the workplace. The challenge for the organization is to promote an ethical organizational behavior and also the culture so that the individuals cannot give emphasis on the individual interests. The behavior of the individual is based on the policies of the organization. So the organization should always give focus on enhancing the organizational behavior so that the employees feel satisfied and happy to conduct their activities (Memon, Salleh, Baharom and Harun, 2014). Employee Resistance: By taking into consideration the recent scenario it is analyzed that it is a complex process that is faced by the organization. The employee's resistance has resulted in the failure of many activities that are initiated by the organization. There are various cases in which a lot of resources are given by the organization so that the employees can adjust themselves in an effective manner to attain the desired goals. Employee behavior is also affected by the change in the management. If the organization implements some change in the organization, then it gives direct impact on the behavior of the employees. So it is important that the change that is implemented by the organization should be discussed with the employees of the organization (Ruiz-Palomino and Martnez-Caas, 2014). If they accept the change, then only the company should implement it. If the change that is implemented in the organization is according to the interest of the employees, then the organizati on can easily expand its operations and can also attain the goals in an efficient way. So, the organization should focus on adapting the change that is considered by the employees and also proper training should be given so that they can work with a positive behavior (Argyris, 2017). Technology and innovation: The behavior of the employees is also related to the technology and innovation. In today's environment, the main challenge for an organization is to set the issues that consist of management of technology and innovation. The company can only attain the success when it maintains flexibility and also enhances the quality of the products. The employees play a great role in innovating the products and also in the change that exists in the organization. The challenge that is faced by the company is to stimulate the creativity and innovation of the employees. If the technology that is adopted does not reduce the workload of the employees, then it will give direct negative impact on the behavior. The employees who are dissatisfied can also lead to inefficiency in the working structure. So, it is essential for the organization to adopt the technology that enhances the profitability and also gives a positive impact on the employee behavior. If the employee carries a positive attitude then it can be easy to accomplish the activities in an efficient way (Singh, 2017). Goals and objectives: The Company also faces a challenge that is related with attaining the goals and objectives of the organization. By considering the proper management of the employee behavior sometimes it gives negative impact on the goals and objectives of the organization. If the organization does not able manage the behavior of the employees effectively, then the employee will not be able to work efficiently in the organization. Dissatisfaction level of the employees can give the negative outcome. So, it is very important for an organization to give focus on the behavior of the employees, if the employees carry positive attitude then it can help to attain the profitability and also the enhancement in the productivity level can be evaluated. The behavior of the employee is dependent how the organization offers the activities by considering the interest areas and also by offering various incentives schemes (Bakoti? and Krni?, 2017). Organizational behavior can assist the organization to face and overcome the challenges. It is evaluated that the behavior of the employees gives direct impact on the success and profitability. The challenges can easily be covered into profitable opportunities. Employees should be given the main emphasis by the organization so that the operations can be conducted smoothly. The Behavior gets influenced by the attitude that the employees possess and it is the attitude only that converts into an indicator of the problems that the organization can easily encounter. In order to excel in the market, it is essential to ensure the employee's satisfaction level (Yidong and Xinxin, 2013). References Abdallah, M.A.A.H., 2014.The Impact of Relationship Quality on the Relationship between Internal Marketing and Employees Performance(Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Argyris, C., 2017.Integrating the Individual and the Organization. Routledge. Bakoti?, D. and Krni?, A., 2017. Exploring the relationship between business process improvement and employees behavior.Journal of Organizational Change Management, (just-accepted), pp.00-00. Kim, T.Y. and Kim, M., 2013. Leaders moral competence and employee outcomes: The effects of psychological empowerment and personsupervisor fit.Journal of business ethics,112(1), pp.155-166. Memon, M.A., Salleh, R., Baharom, M.N.R. and Harun, H., 2014. Person-organization fit and turnover intention: The mediating role of employee engagement.Global Business and Management Research,6(3), p.205. Moore, C., Detert, J.R., Trevio, L.K., Baker, V.L. and Mayer, D.M., 2016. " Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior": Corrigendum.Personnel Psychology. Mostafa, A.M.S., Gould?Williams, J.S. and Bottomley, P., 2015. High?performance human resource practices and employee outcomes: the mediating role of public service motivation.Public Administration Review,75(5), pp.747-757. Ruiz-Palomino, P. and Martnez-Caas, R., 2014. Ethical culture, ethical intent, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating and mediating role of personorganization fit.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.95-108. Singh, S., 2017. Organizational Climate as a Predictor to Employees Behavior. InStrategic Human Capital Development and Management in Emerging Economies(pp. 20-40). IGI Global. Wei, J. and Dongri, H., 2016. Encouragement Preference, Organization Identity and Innovation Behavior of Employees.Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science),5, p.018. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455. Zeng, Z. and Honig, B., 2017. A study of living wage effects on employees' performance?related attitudes and behaviour.Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration,34(1), pp.19-32.

Bridget Joness Diary Review Essay Example

Bridget Joness Diary Review Paper Essay on Bridget Joness Diary What does a woman want? get married and have kids? Maybe. But along the way it needs to do a lot of urgent matters, which, of course, associated with the opposite sex and work. It is impossible to live in this century and not want First be slim like a mannequin We will write a custom essay sample on Bridget Joness Diary Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bridget Joness Diary Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bridget Joness Diary Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer the second to make a brilliant career. no matter what, the main thing that you talked about in the press said. No matter what, the main thing said  «Bridget Joness Diary at the same time exciting, sardonic, sentimental book Brizhdit reveals to us the doors to their inner sanctum -.. Thoughts, feelings and failure. She tells us about the number of cigarettes smoked it, the calories eaten and invented diets. and soon we begin to empathize with her, this lazy, unlucky Bridget. well, to be honest, we all think that we ought to have a little less, and exercise machines, bought in a fit of commendable work out, dusty PDM find fault, poor fellows. All of the women think about it. You never know if a lot. This touches the book The first words of Bridget  «What I should not do -. Drink more than fourteen alcohol units a week . Smoking Spending money on: for pasta cooking device, ice cream or other cooking devices, which I will never use;. unreadable books of authors who will be on the shelf for beauty; exotic underwear, since it is useless -. I still do not have a boyfriend  » will be for We guidebooks on the novel by honest -. anything, this book teaches. That is, if youre not boring nerd, a student at the mistakes of others and their scrupulous eye for detail, in order not to make such a stupidity, and I hope you are not like it you just amuse. Make laugh. And that, too, is not unimportant. Laughter prolongs life. A prolongation of life it is a guarantee that you will read many, many good books 🙂 .

Code of Ethics Essays

Code of Ethics Essays Code of Ethics Essay Code of Ethics Essay The NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is built up of a figure of infirmaries. forte installations. and continues attention installations in New York. New Jersey. and Connecticut. Harmonizing to NewYork-Presbyterian ( 2014 ) . most System members are academic affiliates of either Weill Cornell Medical College or Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. NewYork-Presbyterian understands the challenges of today’s medical specialty and makes it their mission to better their patients’ attention by educating the patients researching in their ain community. Their belief is that through consciousness they may be able to learn the patients the things they need to cognize to so take duty for their ain wellness. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Weill Cornell Medical College assist the NewYork-Presbyterian to better their cognition by research and academic capablenesss. The NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is ever looking for every manner possible to better patient attention and give all patients the best possible intervention in their installations. The organization’s mission statement is NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is dedicated to bettering patient attention. medical instruction and research throughout this part of the United States. ( nypsystem. 2014 ) Therefore this gives them three ends. The three ends are advancing patient attention. advancing medical instruction. and to research medical facets in order to hold betterment for society. These three ends are tied to ethical rules because they are three classs. which will demo promotion for the full health care community.

Key Marketing Issues Facing Gillette Indonesia Case Study

Key Marketing Issues Facing Gillette Indonesia - Case Study Example 1). The company sought to satisfy its domestic and export market. As such, the company manufactures high quality razor blades and shaving systems (Quelch & Bartlett 2006, p. 360). Its target market includes adult urban males who include the working class and college students who manifest western grooming habits (Kanter & Dretler 1998, p. 60-68). However, the company faces immense competition from Tatra, Tiger, and SuperNacet companies that manufactures low-end double-edged blades (Harvard Business School 1998, p. 1). Gillette Indonesia operates in developing countries (Ricardo-Campbell 1997, p. 59) and hence records immense growth from the population and prosperity in Indonesia where shaving is relatively new. The company is already planning to implement a sales price increase (Sarah Ellison & Forelle 2005, p. 1). However, Indonesians only shave 4-9 times in a month. Subject to the fact that the incidence of shaving is relatively low in Indonesia, Gillette Indonesia is having problem s in meeting its growth targets. Gillette must consider raising the awareness on shaving and personal grooming to improve the frequency of shaving, to support Gillette’s sales increase. Situational Analysis Gillette Indonesia seeks to grow and satisfy its domestic market as well as its export targets in developing nations. The company is struggling to capture its market share in Indonesia and focuses on expanding its market. However, shaving and personal grooming is not a priority and many people consider it as a luxury. Gillette Indonesia Financial Analysis In 1996, Gillette Indonesia sought to increase its sales by 25%, which necessitated for an effective marketing plan. Indeed, by 1995, Gillette Indonesia had a 48% unit share in Indonesia and the company sought to increase this percentage to 50% in 1996 (Harvard Business School 1998, p. 5). By this time, the overall market had approximately 40 million urban men over 18 years old that shave where about 13 million people in Indonesia used Gillette blades. Notably, the shaving incidence in Indonesia was at an approximated average of 5.5 times per month, which was much lower than the incidence in other countries like U.S. However, with a view of increasing and maintaining profits, Gillette increased its prices, which resulted to a 2% growth of unit sales in the market (Herath & Park 1999, p. 1-35). Actually, the company had a sales value of $23 million and net profit of $4.6 million with its 48% market share in Indonesia. There are two types of Gillette target customers where the premium customer is a male Indonesian in the growing income class of greater than $10,000 household income. On the other hand, the standard customer belongs to the income class of less than $10,000 household income (Harvard Business School 1998, p. 3). Moreover, the economic conditions in Indonesia are on the rise with the average annual GDP growth standing at 7% in 1995 (Harvard Business School 1998, p. 3). As such, the demand and sales for Gillette blades is likely to increase in the future if the economic growth rate persists. Therefore, to increase the sales by 25%, the company must devise an effective marketing plan to segment and target its customers (Herath & Park 1999, p. 1-35), which is seemingly very challenging in a country where many people consider shaving and persona l glooming as a luxury. Gillette Indonesia SWOT Analysis Strengths Gillette Indonesia specializes in the manufacturing of high quality razor blades and shaving systems, which contributes to the competitiveness of the company (Kanter & Dretler 1998, p. 60-68). It offers a wide range of

Development of a Computer system application using 3GL tools Research Paper

Development of a Computer system application using 3GL tools & Design Phase - Research Paper Example The mobile division of the company is meant to create mobile software products, whose main use are on mobile phones, and laptop computers. The division runs a series of two programs, each with a program manager, and a handful of highly qualified staff. The program manager has the responsibility of developing an innovative idea concerning particular software, and he works together with his team. The Hakimo business department produces software’s for office applications. This software’s are to enhance effective communication within a company. This division combines the services of employees at the business solution department and the mobile division of the company. This is because of the experience, and skills in their possession. The information department handles the public relations of the company, and the company’s main business strategy is to enter into a strategic alliance with large software companies. 3GLS stands for Third Generation Languages. It is a collection of programming languages that enhance the development of second generational languages. Examples of 3GLS tools are Pascal, the C family of languages and BASIC. A program developed by 3GL tools is referred to as a source code, which is converted by a specific program, known as the complier, to the object code. This code is recognized by a specific computer. In developing this program, programmers use aggregate data types, and variable names, and they combine this with skills in defining parts of the code, into subroutines. 3GLS tools such as Fortran, Pascal and the C family enable a programmer to develop programs that are independent of a specific computer (Shooman, 2002). These languages are referred to as high level languages, because they are close to the language spoken by humans. These languages can run at any computer, and are not limited to specifics. Programmers who use Pascal to develop computer

Can Amanda Turn Her New Business Around Before It Is Too Late Case Study - 1

Can Amanda Turn Her New Business Around Before It Is Too Late - Case Study Example The four major management functions, planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling, play a significant role in performing the daily activities of an organization. The concept of planning sets specific goals for organizations, managers, and other employees. In the opinion of Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor (2010), planning assists the management team to understand where the organization is, how to make the organization move along the specified path, and when to take appropriate measures to achieve the targeted organizational goals etc (pp.169-170). Elimination of uncertainties, minimization of impulsive and arbitrary decisions, quick resource allocation, effective use of resources, adaptive responses, anticipative action, and integration of various decisions and activities are other benefits usually obtained from planning. According to Hurd, Barcelona, and Meldrum (2008, pp.42-43), ‘organizing’ is an effective functional element of management that assists the firm to achieve the targets set in the planning phase. Organizing aids a firm to distribute the works effectively among its employees. Organizing is essential to clarify the powers of every manager and the way he has to exercise those powers. This practice will also prevent managers from taking unfair advantages of their position. Similarly, work coordination, effective administration, growth and diversification, sense of security, and scope for new changes are some other fruitful outcomes of organizing. A manager’s level of success or failure is determined on the basis of his/her ability to influence people within the particular department. When managerial individuals effectively deploy their influencing skills, they exude a positive energy that would highly motivate their subordinates. This motivation will directly enhance organizational productivity and thereby profitability. In the view of Marquis and Huston (2009, p. 434).

Advice For Losing Weight Diet And Exercise English Language Essay

Advice For Losing Weight Diet And Exercise English Language Essay Losing weight can be frustrating and demanding, at its worst. For the past few months, I have been keeping up with the pace of several weight loss tips to help you realize your dream of getting the body you want. Weight loss tips will change your life in great pace in full twist turn. However, before you enjoy the spotlight, you must run after it. Here are some tips to help you, may the journey to a great body be full of success: Be a water buddy. Water detoxifies the body and it will keep the system working in healthy and great pace. Water is non calorie fluid that you can take anytime and any amount you want. It will help your body to look and feel sexier and fitter. Water first. Before you take your slimming tea in the morning, drink a glass of water. Water will pass through your digestive system washing toxins and harmful agents away. Moreover, it is a nice remedy to solve your food intake water can kill your appetite. Drink another glass before mealtime. Water does not contain calories. You drink a glass before you eat it will make you feel full of cutting short your food intake. Drink water while eating your meal. Do not be overly focused in eating your meal chunks. Most people leave out the value of water while they are eating. The human body is mostly made of water; and it is very important to lead the body with enough water supply. Water will keep your stomach full without eating more food. Say no to sweetened food drinks. Soda drinking is not a good idea. Sodas, colas, and fizzy contain sugar one of the main sources of calories is sugar. If you want to lose weight faster, you need to stay away from food drinks and stick to the diet regimen you are following. Go for Water Substitute. If you dont like drinking much water, it is better to stick to watery foods. Lemons and tomatoes are water-based fruits that you can eat to supply your body with the necessary fluid for detoxification. Fruit Juice or Fresh Fruits. Bottled fruit juices are sweetened with sugar you need to stay away from these juices to cut short your sugar intake. Fresh fruits have natural sugar that is beneficial to the body. Go for Fresh Fruit Juice. If you cant stand not drinking fruit juices, it is advisable to stick to fresh fruit juices. Artificial or sweetened juices contain a high amount of sugar, and it will surely devastate your weight loss goals. Say no to processed fruits. You love eating pineapple cuts in cans? Well, it is time to say no to canned fruits. It is good to eat fresh fruits than processed ones avoid the toxins and win a great body. Be fibrous. There are several fruits and vegetables that contain fiber. Fiber helps in digesting foods and cleaning the digestive tract from toxins. Go vegan. Salad will do bets for your diet. There are several vegetables that will help you lose weight and stay healthy at the same time. You can get leafy vegetables as part of your daily food intake. Eat no-brainier. Eating is not just a physical movement. Before you take a chunk of beef, think if it will do good for you. Do not eat like a hungry mongrel. Consider what you eat and do not drive your bodys will. Choose it and chew. When faced with delicious food, choose what to bite. Leafy vegetables that serve as garnishments for the dish, are more nutritious and important than the real dish. Do not think about the price of the dish think about the nutrients you will get. Say no to sweets. Chocolates are really tasty and you would die to have a crunch. However, if you want to stay in the weight loss goal you have, it is very important to throw the next package you get. Do not indulge yourself to gluttony with chocolates and other sweets. Eat on time. Schedule your eating time. Be sure to feed your body with proper foods at a scheduled time. Any alterations to the mealtime will affect the food intake. Those who eat late will surely have tendency to eat more than what they should. Dont eat without the need. You have taken your dinner but you need to be in a party? Well, you can go to the party without eating another plate of pork. It is very important to control your food drive. Eat only if you are really hungry and do not make any excuse to stay away from the plan. Moreover, be sure to check if you are hungry or just thirsty do not interchange the feeling. Say no to snack in between. Most snacks settle on junk foods. If you need to eat a meal, then eat but do not take snacks in between. Junk foods are high in calories and other elements but a pack of junk foods will not make you full. Say no to snacks and weight loss faster. Have a vegan snack. You really need a bite of snacks? If you do, then try to control what you eat for snacks. Eating vegetables, instead of junk foods are a good idea. Vegetables like carrots will keep your stomach full. Plus, you are getting the most of the nutrients. There are other vegetables that you can take advantage if you want to have vegan snacks. Figure your coffee and tea. Coffee and tea may be good for the morning, but if you add a lot of sugar, you will surely go to fatso. Moreover, cream is just a great equivalent for chocolates. Before you pour another teaspoon of cream or sugar, think again. Say no to coffee, go for tea. Tea and coffee are a good combination for the cold morning. Tea contains antioxidants to keep your body in great consonance. On the other hand, caffeine in coffee may affect the metabolic processes of the body. Calculate. If you can calculate your money, then try to count the calories you eat. Whatever you eat, try to figure out the amount of calories you are adding to your body. It takes a little of calculation to figure out the problem. Use them up. If you cannot really stop taking in extra calories, then use them up. The problem is not in the intake of calories but on burning up the calories that are accumulated in the body. Do not let calories go unpunished. Dont be fried. Fried foods  make use of oil or fat. Oil and fat are exactly not good for your body. Stay away from fried foods because, even if oils are drained, internal oils will stay in the food; and you are taking them into your body system. Dont skip meals. If you think skipping a meal means a diet, you are in a perfectly messy thought. Be sure to eat your meals in proper time and proper counts. Three or four serve best. Eat them raw. Say no to canned vegetables they are as processed as the can packaging. Stay away from cooked foods. Preferably, go for raw vegetables. If you are cooking the vegetables, you are throwing half of the nutrients; and you are wasting the bucks. Egg means zero. If you love eating eggs, you are inviting cholesterol. Eggs are good if taken three or four times a week. Do not make them your everyday helpful meal. Keep the price. Some people dont eat chocolates because of the price. However, with the entry of various affordable chocolates, its so hard to resist. It is important to keep the price of chocolates; eat them only at times or on occasions. Scattering is always good. If you think you will be healthy by sticking to certain types of food, you are not in the middle of truth. It is very important to eat the right kind of foods from all food groups to keep your body in great health and to fully keep the stomach in great work. Say no to alcohol beverages; they will burn you down. Beers and beverages will make you fat. Alcohol in the body will cause disruption in the metabolism of the body and it will be very hard for you to handle the appetite swings after the alcohol subsided. Keep breakfast abreast. If you like jogging in the woods every morning, it is greatly advised to eat breakfast one after. It will supply the energy needs of the body and to replace what has been used during the jog. Weight Loss Tips for Eating: Go for carbs. Notions about carbohydrates are widespread in the web. Your body needs carbohydrates to maintain the energy supply of the body keep that at 50%. Proteins must go in the second. Proteins are responsible in the rebuilding and maintaining basic processes of the body. You must maintain a 25 30% intake of proteins to support repair of cells and other parts of the body. Fewer fats. You need some fats for energy but dont raise it more than 10-15%. Keep that percentage and maintain body weight. Have a vegan week. Vegetables can do wonder for your body. They contain lesser calories but lots of nutrients. It is a big thing that you keep up with the needs of the body by having a simple day for animal-based foods. But for the rest, go for vegetables as long as you can. Meat comes in white. Prefer to eat white meat from fish, tuna, and fowl. Avoid the red meat, like pork and beef, as they contain more than what your body needs. Go for fibrous grains. Instead of going for rice, you can find substitutes, like wheat. They contain higher protein and a great amount of fiber for body processes and digestion (respectively). Cut the pork. Pork is one of the culprits of fatness. If you can stay away from it, it will be very great. However, if you cannot stay away from pork, it is very important to cut the intake. If you will substitute another food for pork, it will be very great. Cut the sugar. Stop your intake for sugar-coated products. If you can get a sugar-free substitute, it would be very great to avoid fatness. Graze them piece by piece. Eating in a big amount at once will cause storage of unused foods. However, if you take in little meals, the body will be able to cope with with the digestion and all food energies will be used up. Cheat a little. Being in a diet is really hard. There are lot of food temptations that you need to avoid. However, if you cant stand seeing somebody eating sumptuously, you can cheat. Take a bite, but nothing more. Fat calculator. Before you eat, you try to find out the fat present. To calculate, each gram of fat is equal to 9 calories. You need to stick to the above plan, do not exceed fat intake. Salt no more. Salt is another silent culprit of fatness and overweight. You need to cut short of your salt intake to ensure weight loss. Turn from table butter to cholesterol-free butter. Table butter contains fats, oil, and a great deal of cholesterol. All these three will make your life a misery by adding pounds per pounds to your body. Substitute table butter with cholesterol-free butter, but still enjoy your meal. Bake them. Can the food be baked? If yes, then dont fry them. Bake the food as much as you can to avoid the oil associated with frying. Fry without oil. Non stick pans will help you to avoid using another quart of oil. You need to avoid oil as much as you can while you are cooking. Boil vegetables. Instead of cooking vegetables, you boil them. Cooking will take away the nutrients of the vegetables. Steaming vegetables will keep the nutrients of the leafy vegan. Most of the leafy vegans, like cabbage, are cooked this way to preserve vitamins. Chew parsley. Ever feeling the need to chew something? Try a parsley. It will do good to keep your teeth from cranking on another chunk of pork. Go low or no fats. Fats and cholesterol are good friends they eat up the health of your cardiovascular muscles. If you just buy wisely, you can get low fat substitutes or even cholesterol-free substitutes. Do not just pick the food and eat them at home because you saw the ad last night. It is important to read the labels. Dont worry with thousands of food manufacturers, you will have a wide range of choices for the low or zero fat substitutes you need. Dont have to crush over crash diets. Crash diet is a regimen that you want to take for a couple of days to lose weight. However, crash diets may really get you crushed. After the crash diet, the biggest tendency, you will surely go double your size. Most crash dieters experience many cravings for the food they miss for the couple of days. Just last week, diet is on the go; but for the current week, another dish party is happening. Teeth are for chewing, not for biting. You have teeth because foods must be chewed; and  not to  be  swallowed directly. It is very important to chew foods properly up to 8 or 12 times. Chewed foods will be digested faster than swallowed ones. It will help the digestive system to burn them, and it will help in reducing the risk of constipation, which will also add problem to weight loss management, Go dry for wines. Sweet wines, are tasty but with the taste, you also need to cope with with the problem of weight gains. Dry wines are fermented longer taking away the sweetness of grapes. It will be good to go for dry wines than sweet glasses. Lets do the exercise day by day, not one single day. Physical fitness does not happen after you lift weights. You need to work it out. Start slowly and increase the pace as you are accustomed to your regimen. Do not worry the body will work for its best. Just keep your pace, things will work best. It takes time; wait for it. Pre-weight management. Before you start any exercise or regimen, be sure to have a point of start. It will be the foundation of the changes. Keep track with the changes most changes in weight happen after two weeks. Just give it a break for two weeks, and you will see the big change. Reward; encourage; be humane. After a series of hardship with weights in the gym, it is time to take a break. For the meantime, you are winning. You motivate yourself by treating yourself to movies or for a book, or anything that will make you happy, except foods. Sometimes, everything pays after hardship and a reward will increase your drive. Weight Loss Tips for Exercise Rest a day, but not a week. The human has its own limitations. You need to take a rest after a series of weight lifting and other exercises. However, do not lay things off. You must be back the soonest possible time. Get out; do it outdoor. If you have time and the area permits, it is very great to exercise outside. Mainly, you will be able to breathe fresh air and enjoy the morning breeze. Secondly, an exercise outdoor will ease out your body from the frustrations and stresses of the day. Be informed. Exercise is not just a physical exercise. There are exercises that will work best for your body. You need to know the different of strength exercises to abdominal workouts. Buying a book or a guide will do good for you and for your way to lose weight. Have a buddy and be encouraged. Being alone is one of the hardest things to consider. Ask another friend who also suffers from the same weight problem. You help him or her; and he or she will motivate you to exercise more and more. Its all about taking a partner to stand with and encourage. A tap in the shoulder will keep you working out or a call, while your lazy in getting out from bed, to keep you in the regimen. Stop when the body says stop. Do not strain your muscles. There are things that you need to consider. Over-fatigue will do much harm to your body. It will not keep your body working for the right moves and intensity. Take a break. It is not a rush contest. Dont go for the rush; take it at a time. Increasing the length of the exercise is a great idea to keep up your muscles and body to lose weight. However, you must not do it in one single blow, otherwise, you will surely go to the hospital for muscle strains. Do the increase gradually and slowly. Just keep the routine and sooner you will be able to increase your time. Make your own exercise schedule and style. Exercise is a personal matter to deal with. It is very important to make your own schedule and style the one that will suit your lifestyle. Not all in the book will work for you you must find out the right set for you. Walk more; stand less. Standing will just keep your body in relaxation but straining position. Try to walk around the corner to keep your blood circulating. Stand more, sit less. Sitting will keep your metabolism low, but if you stand your energies will be used up. Sit more, lie less. Want to lie in bed? Stop it. Sit down and keep your body working. Hey, youre not a couch potato, stop acting like one. If you really love to sit down in a chair and watch television for hours without anything to work on, it is time to kill the television and throw the chair. Find a chair that will not give you the comfort that you need. You dont deserve that now. Dont think this is too cruel it is for your best. Stretch your flex. Your job requires you to sit down for half a day? Well, break the blood lake. It is good to stand up and stretch muscles from time to time. Tele-walk will do good. While taking calls, you can walk in the area. Do not lazily sit down. Be patient forget the elevator, there is none invented yet. Elevators are made to speed up your way. It is good to take the lift while going up the floor. However, if you are going down, and you have nothing to rush for it will be better to trudge the stairs. It is a fine exercise that will keep your lower muscles in great shape. Plus, it will surely burn those stored fats in your body. It is just all about patience. Dont worry, it will surely pay. Quit smoking. Smoking is not the main culprit but the effects of smoking. Smoking may hamper weight loss by altering your food intake. Those who smoke tend to eat a bigger amount of foods than  Ã‚  non-smokers. Run a bit; its not race. Run a day but do not strain your body. Dont worry you wont qualify for the marathon. Walk is better if you cant run. If your doctor advises you not to run, dont. Brisk walking can do the magic. Walk if situation permits. If you need something by the next block, dont ride. You can walk around and enjoy the exercise. Drink black coffee before any workout. Caffeine may increase food intake; but you drink it before work out, the body will be forced to use fats that are stored in your body. However, there is no known evidence to this, but you may try. A caution: Excess of coffee leads to obesity. If you want to drink black coffee, be sure to take it lightly. Take an effort; forget the remote. With everything in your house run by remotes, you will go lazy, and you dont have to take an effort. It is about time to do it manually. If you need to stop the air conditioning system, you stand up and do it. There are things in the house that can be done manually. Reliance on remotes will just keep you in one place; and it will cut short your metabolism. Do it, instead of letting others do it. Most adults tend to tell their kids to do things for them. Well, oldies must be given special care. However, it will also stop your body from moving and exercising. If you can do the job, it is better to do it like turning the television on and off or taking a glass of water. Some others train their dogs to do things for them. You must not let the dog be healthy, and you are obese. Think it. Are you thinking about taking the elevator? Well, think again. Elevators will let you gain weight, go lazy and stand there without anything to work on. Now, before you ride the lift, it is great to think. Alternatively, else take the stairs and enjoy the perspiration. Be wise while watching. Often while you are watching television and faced with commercial breaks, you would look at another channel. A bad idea. It is time to walk a bit outside while commercial breaks are going on. Do not worry breaks are not important. Do not glue yourself to the television set or to the chair. It takes a lot of discipline. Work the joints. While sitting in your office, try to wriggle your toes and fingers. It will greatly help to keep stress away and to let blood flow to the joints of the body. It is a big thing that you do it as often as you can. Dance often. You havent danced for a while? Well, you dont need to have a party to grab a dance. Prepare some music in the room and close the door. Let yourself freely groove. Dont worry, nobody sees you. Just let your hair fall; dance wild; jump more and perspire more. Throw and fetch. You carry a soft disc with you. It will help you cope with with stress. You can throw it when you are angry or whenever you are prompted to do so. It is a great stress reliever. Actually, you are having a great exercise while getting the disc. This is very simple, but you will soon find the best effects of fetching. Embark earlier and walk. If you dont have a schedule to rush for, some walk in the street will do more than riding right to the door. You get down from the cab a block away from your destination, you walk around. It will help you to have a nice exercise while enjoying the day. Pelvic gyrations will help; but dont show it much, its not the dancing pole. The midsection of the body is often left out during exercises. It will be very great to have a time to do stomach crunches and other abdominal exercises. However, for a start pelvic gyrations will be best. You take some gyrations while others are busy doing their own stuff. Tuck your tummy-tacks. Actually, it is not really good to show off those gaits. You look piggish. You wear a belt and bring your tummy into subjection. Be sure to pressure your stomach to keep muscles intact. It will help to tone down your abdomen without much effort. Breathing is as important as jogging. Simple inhales and exhales will keep your abdomen in pressure to keep the air pathways clear. You can do the breathing exercises as often as you can. It can be done anywhere. Yoga will control you. One of the best advantages of yoga is the way to control and discipline the muscles of the body. You will be able to keep your muscles from weight gain. It will surely grab a lot of time, but it will definitely pay. Massage will get partners working. It is very important for partners to stay in fit. There are simple exercises that pairs can do. Simultaneous back scratching will help partners to keep their muscles in pressure. However, it is very important to have another pair to be in hand to avoid partners doing more than expected. Punching pillows is a great past time. If you dont have punching bags at home, you may be tempted to make the face of your partner the bag. To keep you from doing that, it will be very great to punch pillows as much as you can. Whenever you dont anything do, rather than sleeping, you punch pillows. It will help you get an exercise, and it will relieve stress. Jump in stairs. Normal taking up the stairs will do great for you. However, if you have a great leg, it will be great to jump on the steps as you go down. A caution: be sure that your legs and feet are working well to avoid accidents. Dog and you for a run. Do you have a dog at home? Dont keep the dog bored at home. You take a dog for a run. You let the dog lead; keep the pace of the dog. It will surely burn your fats. Dance class enrollment. Dancing is one of the best ways to lose weight. You will be engaging in various activities that will pressure your muscles and will use your energies. There are fast ballroom dances that you can enjoy. Dont go for the slow one because it will just make things worst. Push against the wall. Whenever you can, lean against the wall and make push ups. It is great to keep the pressure on your lower part while making getting your muscles in the arms and upper torso in pressure. Swim. If there is a pool in your area, or a lake will do, it is great to take a swim every now and then. Swimming will surely get all those fats out of your body. It is very important to have the necessary training before you do it. Be athletic. Play team sports like basketball. Basketball will pressure your body to work on until the rest of the game. Table tennis and basketball require you to move from one point to another and the pace is quite fast enough. Sports have addictive effects, once you have played and enjoyed the time, you will surely look for a way to be back. Warm your body up. If you want to get the most out of your exercise, it is very important to keep the 10 minutes warm up. Exercises are good but if you are going to strain your muscles, it will give you the opposite effect. Readiness is a primary requirement to keep your exercises in great pace. Leave your phone and run for it. Taking your phone with you anywhere you go is not a great idea for you. It is great to leave your phone in a place where you can hear it. When someone calls, it will require you to run and reach it. It is a great thing to require movement of your muscles. Exercise in the elevator. If you just cant avoid taking the elevator, it is remarkably great to do some simple stretches. You flex your muscles and do simple wriggling of toes and fingers. These activities are very simple, but it will make your elevator ride worth the time. Check your body. You stand in front of the mirror and try to figure out whats wrong with your body. It is very important to evaluate how you appear. You need to check if tummy fats are still alive. You weigh yourself and evaluate how you have progressed from the day you first weighed yourself. You need to evaluate yourself and recommend to yourself some other things you havent done if there are things you dont like. Bike in the baluster. If your house has a baluster, think crazily. You ride the baluster and imagine yourself taking a bike ride. You pump your legs as if acting like taking a pedal. It will keep the muscles of your body in great shape, and it is a great substitute to real biking. Sit erect. One of the main things that you need to consider is sitting straight in the chair. Do not slouch. As you sit down, try to hide your fats away. You put them inside your body, and you push your chest out. Do it oftentimes to correct your bad posture. Heres the tummy secret. Well, most weight loss people want to get the worst of their tummies. The tummy is the main thing it has a big mind of its own for foods, and it shows off whenever you walk or stand. To eliminate this problem, lets take a drill. You stand erect; you inhale as deep as you can and take your tummy in as hard as you can. As you exhale, be sure not let your tummy out do the exhaling slowly. You do the drill for 60 times in 20 days, and you will see the result. It is very hard for your stomach muscles to be tucked in but sooner as you progress, it will just be as simple as inhale and exhale. WhiteSmoke Writing Index 9 out of 10   Good

Medicine before the Westerners :: Native Americans Health Medical Essays

Medicine before the Westerners Try to imagine the status of medicine before in North and Central America before westerners arrived here. The savages, as the Europeans often referred to them, were lucky to survive with their primitive ways. They lived in what was thought to be primal conditions, what could they offer the civilized settlers from Europe. They couldn’t have any knowledge of medicine not and live in these conditions. Certainly many settlers would have thought how much the indigenous peoples of North and Central America could have learned from them. That notion was wrong. Although the settlers thought of these people as primitive they did quickly note their good health. Some of the earliest European settlers were impressed by the robust stamina of these people in every locality. There was little evidence of disease among the Indians and it was uncommon to find fatal cancer, tuberculosis, or heart disease until modern times. There were no legends of great sickness among the Indians, of course this wasn’t true for the Europeans quickly the black plague comes to mind to mention one such epidemic. Yet given all of this it is an interesting fact, there is little written or taught, even today about the Indian medicine or the history of Indian medicine. There are no great legends of Indian medicine taught. Yet we all have heard of the earliest teachings of Hippocrates, the oath of the modern day medicine men (doctors) is named in his honor. There are others though the real story is that these savages were a wealth of knowledge about medicine. They became a resource for the settlers and were not given credit for their contributions. Although I believe even if they had been given credit, that at the time they would have just stated that the credit went to nature. The fact that their cures were derived more from nature may have been in part able to account for a great benefit that went with Indian medicine; there were few, if any acute side effects. The Cherokee’s based their concepts on medicine on their earlier meanings of the four cardinal directions and the universal circle.

Life Lessons Essay

ife (â€Å"Hard Work Beats Talent, When Talent Doesn’t Work Hard†) – (Kevin Durant) Over this past summer, I experienced a lot of events that I think will change my life for the better. It seemed like everything started falling in place when I got an unexpected call from a college coach from a small school called Samford University. I was shocked that I received the call because for one, I’d never even heard of the school he was calling from. Also, I never actually played a full game of football in high school.The reason he’d called me is because he said he was at one of the previous scouting camps I attended a few weeks prior, and he liked my athleticism and how I always worked hard and never gave up, even when he saw I was having a hard time. He wanted me to attend one of the school sponsored scouting camps that he was putting together, and he offered to get me in for free so I gladly accepted. When I arrived at the camp, I was very nervous becaus e there were a lot more major college coaches there than I expected, and the combine included college students also, so I wasn’t just competing against any regular competitors.There were 6 different events that we were doing that day, and I had never done any of them at any previous camps so I had no faith in myself from the start. At the first event, the 40 Yard Dash, I had to race a college linebacker from another school so I had to prove to my coaches that I could take on any challenge they threw at me from the beginning. But everything didn’t go quite as I expected. On my first try I false started 2 seconds early, and everyone was laughing at me so I started to down myself. On the 2nd attempt, I false started again!It wasn’t as early as the previous one, but I was wasting all of my chances at getting an official time because I was too nervous to even start on time. On the 3rd and final attempt, I managed to get off on a good start and run a 4. 92, but the sc outs weren’t very impressed by that because they knew and I knew that I could do better than what I was showing them. At the next event, the Running back drills, I was already nervous because of how bad I had done at the previous event, and it showed in my actions.When I went up to catch passes from one of the quarterbacks that was attending the camp with me, normal passes that I could catch in my sleep became difficult for me to complete. I was so worried about messing up again that I wasn’t performing to my full potential. The coach that recruited me to attend the camp took notice at my performance and pulled me aside and talked to me. He told me â€Å"he knows for a fact that I could do better, and he wants to see the athlete that he saw at the previous camp, not the nervous one that he had seen today.Just believe in myself and perform to the best of my abilities for the duration of the camp and everything would be fine†. Then he gave me a quote to think of w hen I got down, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard†. Now I don’t know what it was about that speech, but when I went back to the drill, everything seemed to fall into place. I was catching every single pass the quarterback threw me, even the ones that were badly placed. When I re-did my 40 Yard Dash, my time dropped from a 4. 2 to a 4. 8. From that point on, I exceed all my expectations at every other event that was available to me at the camp. After that day, I learned that I can’t down myself every time I mess up at something, I have to just keep doing my best and to forget the rest. And whenever I get to the point where I want to just give up, I always remember that quote that the coach told me, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard. Word Count: 695

Data Encryption Essays - Cryptography, Symmetric-key Algorithm

Data Encryption Essays - Cryptography, Symmetric-key Algorithm Data Encryption The electronic age has brought forth many technological advances. With these advances came the need for security and tighter control on how we send information electronically over the Internet or through a network. Date encryption is, in its simplest terms, the translation of data into a secret code. In order to read an encrypted file, the receiver of the file must obtain a secret key that will enable him to decrypt the file. A deeper look into cryptography, cryptanalysis, and the Data Encryption Standard (DES) will provide a better understanding of date encryption. Cryptographic Methods There are two standard methods of cryptography, asymmetric encryption and symmetric encryption. Data that is in its original form (unscrambled) is called plaintext. Once the data is scrambled and in its encrypted form it is called ciphertext. The ciphertext, which should be unintelligible to anyone not holding the encryption key, is what is stored in the database or transmitted down the communication line. Asymmetric encryption (also know as public key encryption) uses two separate keys, a public key and a private key. The private key is available only to the individual receiving the encrypted message. The public key is available to anyone who wishes to send data or communicate to the holder of the private key. Asymmetric encryption is considered very safe but is susceptible to private key theft or breaking of the private key (this is virtually impossible and would constitute trying billions of possible key combinations) (4). Types of public key algorithms include Riverst-Shamir-Adelman (RSA), Diffie-Hellman, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), EIGamal, and LUC (5). Symmetric encryption uses only one key (a secret key) to encrypt and decrypt the message. No public exchange of the key is required. This method is vulnerable if the key is stolen or if the ciphertext is broken (4). Types of symmetric algorithms include DES, Blowfish, International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), RC4, SAFER, and Enigma (5). Cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis is the art of breaking cryptography. Methods of cryptanalysis include: h Ciphertext-only attack V the attacker works from ciphertext only. The attacker does not know anything about the message and is merely guessing about the plaintext (6). h Know-plaintext attack V the attacker know the plaintext. Knowing this information, the attacker can attempt to decrypt the ciphertext (6). h Chosen plaintext attack V the attacker can have a message encrypted with the unknown key. The attacker must then determine the key used for encryption (6). h Man-in-the-middle attack V the attacker intercepts the key that is being exchanged between parties (6). Data Encryption Standard (DES) In 1977 the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and IBM developed the Data Encryption Standard, or DES, to provide a means by which data could be scrambled, sent electronically to a destination, and then unscrambled by the receiver. DES was developed to protect data in the federal computer systems against passive and active attacks (3). Every five years the NIST reviews the DES and determines whether the cryptographic algorithm should be revised, is acceptable, or completely withdrawn. DES uses a very complex algorithm, or key, that has been deemed unbreakable by the U.S. government. There are 72,000,000,000,000,000 (72 quadrillion) or more possible encryption keys that can be used. It applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. This process involves 16 rounds of operations that mix the data and key together using operations of permutation and substitution. The end result is a completely scrambled data and key so that every bit of the ciphertext depends on every bit of the data plus every bit of the key (a 56-bit quantity for DES) (2). Conclusion Sending secure electronic information is vital for businesses today. Although the electronic age has made it easier for companies to send and receive information, it has also increased the need for security. Data encryption in itself will not assure any business of sending secure information, but understanding it will surely benefit the company. Businesses who understand cryptography, cryptanalysis, and Data Encryption Standard are on their way to understanding data encryption. Bibliography 1. Bay Networks, Inc. (1997). Configuring Software Encryption. www.baynetworks.com 2. Biasci, L. (1999). Cryptology. www.whatis.com. 3. Frazier, R.E., (1999). Data Encryption Techniques. www.softstrategies.com. 4. Litterio, F., (1999). Cryptology: The Study of Encryption. www.world.std.com. 5. SSH Communications Security, (1999). Cryptographic Algorithms. www.ipsec.com. 6. SSH Communications Security, (1999). Introduction

Avert vs. Avoid

Avert vs. Avoid Avert vs. Avoid Avert vs. Avoid By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between avert and avoid? They share a primary meaning (with a subtle but significant distinction) but despite their structural similarity are etymologically unrelated. This post discusses their senses and origins and those of similar-looking synonyms. Avert derives from the Latin verb vertere, which means â€Å"turn.† To avert is literally to turn away; one averts one’s eyes or gaze when one turns away, so as not to make eye contact or see something. But avert also means â€Å"prevent† or â€Å"ward off,† a sense it shares with avoid. However, while avert implies active effort to stop something from happening, avoid often suggests keeping away from or refraining from something rather than preventive action. One averts disaster by doing something to stop it, while one avoids it by removing oneself from a situation that will result in disaster. Aversion, originally the noun form of avert, still alludes to the physical act of turning away in its modern senses of â€Å"dislike† or â€Å"repugnance†; more rarely, it refers to an object of antipathy. Avoid stems from the Latin verb vuider, which means â€Å"empty† and is also the origin of void, which as a verb means â€Å"empty† and as a noun means â€Å"emptiness.† The a is a vestige of the Latin prefix ex-, in this sense meaning â€Å"out†; the prefix, slightly altered in the Old French word esvuider, ended up in Anglo-French as the first letter of avoider, from which the English word avoid is derived. (Devoid, meaning â€Å"without,† also has the root word void.) Something is said to be avoidable, and an act or practice of avoiding is avoidance. Another word that appears to be related to avert and avoid is evade, which means â€Å"avoid† or â€Å"escape† but its origin is the Latin verb vadere, meaning â€Å"go†; to evade is literally to not go. Something avoidable is also evadable, though this adjective is seldom used. The noun form is evasion. Inevitable, meaning â€Å"unable to be avoided,† is also unrelated; its antonym, evitable, is rare but also goes back hundreds of years. Their ultimate source is the Latin verb vitare, which means â€Å"shun.† In addition to being an adjective, inevitable sometimes appears as a noun, as shown in â€Å"Accept the inevitable† (meaning, â€Å"that which cannot be avoided†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfEspecially vs. Specially

Choosing a Path 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choosing a Path 1 - Essay Example Marketing is another core component of business. It involves all activities entailed in the communication of the value of the products and services of a business. It entails appealing to the need of the consumer or buyer to take up the target product and not any other alternative. This will equip me with the skills on how to get to increasingly acquire market share. These two business majors are related in that both work together towards meeting the business goal of profitability. I have chosen finance because of the authoritative influence of my father. My father works in the finance department of a private firm. Additionally, he has special interest in the performance of stocks of various companies. Spending more time with him drew me into understanding how to trade in stocks and I am now keen to note any trends in stocks of some companies. Moreover, knowledge on stocks makes conversation with my father flow as we argue on facts that we both understand. He uses his knowledge in finance to assist me in related academic work. He uses such opportunities to convince me to pursue a course in business finance. Strategically, he shares his best experiences in the career and gives examples of other renowned people who have had successful careers in business finance. This made the profession appeal to me, making me keen on mathematics, languages and business education. My elder cousin has been the authoritative figure that made me also consider taking a course in marketing. During my holidays, he would ask me to accompany him as he visits various retail outlets to market the products of the company that he works for. This has made me appreciate some practical aspects of marketing. My cousin is always keen to analyse advertisements and then explain to me the intention and impact of the respective advertisements. This has made me gain some knowledge in marketing, particularly with regards to market segmentation, targeting and advertising in general.

Spotify Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Spotify - Essay Example Through the two theories, Spotify has been identified to be a major competitor in the entertainment industry but lacking a high level sense of taking advantage of opportunities that it has. Some of these opportunities are key markets in key continents like Africa and South America where virtually no markets exists for the company. With the increase of technology in all of these continents, the company is in a position to take advantage. Finally, there is a recommendation for the company to have its own software to make access to music even easier. Introduction Cloud-based music-streaming services are becoming quite common of late with the advent of high speed internet technology (Boyer et al, 2007). Spotify is one company that provides this kind of service for financial gains, meaning that the company is in a highly competitive environment where it has to gain better market shares than its competitors who have been described to be in exceed in modern times. Launched in October 2008, Spotify has gone about the provision of cloud-based music-streaming service with style with the delivery of music-streaming unto both desktop and mobile phone. Another peculiar feature of Spotify would also have to do with the availability of songs that the company has in its database as the company provides wide range of songs from different backgrounds and genres; all of which forms the basis for e-commerce. 2.0 Strategic Situation Analysis The focus of this section of the paper is going to be to look at how Spotify is currently using information system to support its business strategy. 2.1 External Environment 2.11 Political The political environment of Spotify is largely influenced by both local and global legislations and regulations that are made by government to protect the intellectual property of musicians and other works of music. Depending on royalty levels however, some musicians have been reluctant in releasing their songs for use for online services by the company as t here is the fear that songs that are made available online could easily be cyber attacked (Bradley, 2010). Politically therefore, local and international legislations have somewhat affected the number of songs that the company could have access to. 2.12 Economic Spotify’s business growth and development is largely dependent on prevailing economic conditions and climates. Rising cost of living therefore affects the company’s business negatively as in such times, the larger industry to which Spotify belongs, which is the entertainment industry, is considered by many not to be a necessity but a want (Christensen et al, 1998). In effect, even though the use of information systems and e-commerce in general is expected to make products more accessible to customers, accessibility does not automatically bring about patronage in harsh economic times. 2.13 Social The social environment

English as a Second Language Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English as a Second Language Learning - Essay Example Yule also outlines six traits inherent in language but are not all realized in animal communication. Therefore, animal communication may exhibit some of them but not all of them. This includes the following: First of all is the notion of duality in which language is organized at two distinct levels which makes it possible to produce different meanings from combining same segments. For instance, b ,a , and d can be combined to produce dab and bad which have totally different meanings.(†¦ibid)Secondly, animals have a bistratal communication system while humans have a tristatal one. The bistratal system unlike its counterpart cannot be manipulated to produce different messages. A case in point is the mowing of a cow. This could be interpreted differently depending on the context. It could mean it needs grass, or water or calling out for its young one. Human language on the contrary as seen before combines different segments uniquely in order to vary the meanings.Displacement also i ndicates a variation because unlike animals, humans have the ability of expressing events that are far removed from time. Their grammar is developed and expresses the past through past tense and the future time aspect for things to come. Animal communication does not allow for such.Moreover, human language is arbitrary. There is no natural relationship between a word and its meaning. For example, preacher, vicar and clergy all refer the same person but there is no relationship between the sign and the signified.

East Asian Buddhism Essay Example for Free

East Asian Buddhism Essay The Ghost festival, the second most important festival of the year, is an event in which features of Buddhism are most relevant in Chinese culture. The ritual, by essence, belongs to the living and the dead – it creates a harmony between the two, as well as that between the individual, society and nature in its performance. Its Chinese term, Yu lan pen hui, is composed of the foreign word â€Å"yu lan† that refers to the pitiable fate of those hung upside down in the prisons of hell and the Chinese term â€Å"pen† which indicates the bowl in which offerings are placed. As the story of Mulien recorded in the Hungry ghost sutra represents, the festival synthesizes elements of Indian Buddhism into the indigenous concepts of China. Stephen F Teiser essentially captures this quality when he descirbes it as â€Å"China was made more Buddhist and Buddhism was made more Chinese. † Because the Yu lan pen jing is a key text in the development of the Buddhist rites in the ghost festival that is held in the seventh month of the lunar calendar, it will be examined to observe the blending of the two values. The Ghost Festival Sutra (also known as Yu lan pen jing), which was written in the sixth century, is peppered with traces of Buddhism attempting to integrate into Chinese life. Its first few lines become all the more significant when considering that they were not present in the oldest narrative forged approximately eighty years earlier that serves as the basis of the ghost festival, The Sutra on Repaying the Kindness by Making Offerings (also referred to as Bao en feng pen jing). As Alan Cole, Professor of Religious Studies at Lewis and Clark College cites in his book Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism the Ghost Festival Sutra, Buddha pronounces these words as Mu Lian explains his failure in feeding his mother: â€Å"Even [you cannot achieve this feeding] though your filial submission resounds [everywhere], shaking heaven and earth. Neither the gods of heaven nor the gods of earth nor the evil demons of the heterodox [sects], nor the Daoist masters, nor the four heavenly kings can achieve this either† (Cole 88). Primarily, this passage directly highlights Mu Lian’ s filial affection – as Cole points out, he is endowed with the honor of being praised by the Buddha as someone whose filial submission â€Å"[shakes] heaven and earth,† which indicates that Mu Lian is considered to be the paradigm of filial piety (89). This addendum could be construed as an adaptation to the Chinese ideal, in which filiality is of the essence. More importantly however, the second half strongly suggests that the Buddhist institution has the sole rights to perform such form of ghost festival. The writers deem the non-Buddhist religious specialists – including all other gods and Daoist practitioners to be incapable of achieving the feeding of the dead (Cole 89). This reflects the increasing competition between the Buddhists and Daoists over crafting such offerings. The mix of Chinese and Buddhist ideas is also manifest in Buddha’s explanation of the reason for â€Å"the food enter[ing] [Mu Lien’s mother’s] mouth †¦ chang[ing] into flaming coals, so in the end she could not eat† as cited by Stephen F Teiser (Teiser 50). The Buddha states that his â€Å"mother’s sins are grave† (50). This directly refers to the Indian notions of Karma, signifying that his mother’s actions in previous lifetimes have led her to her current state. The second half of the Yu lan pen jing further denotes the filial theme, but emphasizes that it can only be fulfilled using Buddhist ritual means, by making offerings to the Buddhists. As Cole puts it, filial devotion is evidently â€Å"equated with being a good Buddhist† – this can be observed for instance, in the Mu Lian’s question to the Buddha shown in the following quote from Stephen F. Teiser’ s translation of the Sutra in his book The Ghost Festival in Medieval China: â€Å"But all of the future disciples of the Buddha who practice filial devotion, may they or may they not also prevent yu-lan bowls as required to save their parents as well as seven generations of ancestors† (Teiser 52). This again concords with the Chinese essentiality of filial affection, which â€Å"surpasses all other ethics in tis historical continuity† as Ho describes in William Lakos’ book Chinese Ancestor Worship (Lakos 52). Moreover, as translated by Teiser, the final passage states the desired relationship between the ritual and the Chinese society in affirming that â€Å"kings of states, princes, sons of kings, great ministers, counselors, dignitaries of the three ranks, any government officials or the majority of common people who practice filial compassion† are required to perform the ritual. This again underlines the explicit connection that the Sutra draws between performing the ritual and being filial. As Cole coins it â€Å"if you are to be filial, you perform this 7/15 Buddhist offering regardless of who you are in Chinese society† (Cole 93). In this respect, the text places the date 7/15 as the center of discussion on Buddhist filiality, characterized by the duty to save one’s parent and the necessity to make offerings to the Sangha. The festival reveals the syncretic character of Buddhism with Chinese social and cultural systems. Buddhist myths and rituals exist simultaneously with the Chinese indigenous forms of ritual and conceptions of society. The ghost festival also offers a solution to the problem of the ascetic way of life of Buddhism that imposes on Chinese culture that resounds family values. While opponents have long condemned the Sangha for fostering otherworldliness, the celebration integrates those who have chosen the ascetic path to participate in the well-being of their ancestors. As noted in the canonical source of Yu lan pen sutra as translated by Teiser, the Buddha orders â€Å"the assembled monks of the ten directions should chant prayers on behalf of the family of the donor for seven generations of ancestors† (Teiser 52). The ritual hence by nature, accepts monasticism and more importantly appoints it as a central aspect of the life in the community – the participation of the monks is pivotal to the salvation of the ancestors. Their ascetic energy is especially effective during the ritual because the full moon of the seventh month designates the day on which Sangha has finished its three-month summer retreat during which they â€Å"release themselves† through meditation, meaning the energy has been accumulated during the period (Teiser 4). In a larger sense, because the festival takes place at the time of the fall harvest, it can be interpreted as not only a symbol of the passage of priests and ancestors to new forms of existence, but also of the â€Å"completion of a cycle of plant life† (4). Their role came to entail a state level importance in the seventh century when the practice was established as part of Chinese state religion, rituals being performed for the benefit of imperial ancestors. The vitality of such function, rather than being confined to local cult, assured the cult to survive into the modern times (5). An irony arises from this ritual – wandering ghosts as well as settled ancestors are recipients of the offering. Ancestors contrast with the concept of ghosts. In his book Unities and diversities in Chinese Religion, Robert P. Weller explains that ghosts are socially marginal beings that lack â€Å"both social standing of the gods and the kinship standing of the ancestors† (Weller 60). In contrast, ancestors re deemed to have â€Å"permanent wealth and power† in the community at large – they were more than a religious concern, involving both social and political implications and upholding â€Å"indispensability in the socio-political realm† (Lakos 32). Their worship serves as a cornerstone for the ancestor-family-kinship system. This idea is well supported with the traditional Confucian view. As sociologist Hugh Baker puts it in Teiser’ s article, â€Å"other people’s dead were of little concern, the only dead to be worshipped were one’s dead and ancestors† (Teiser 60). This view corresponds to those of the defenders of indigenous traditions like Yen Chih-t’ui who assert that the solidarity of ancestors is the solely valid aspect of the celebration – they disapproved of the offerings for the hungry ghosts. Comparably, others consider the ghosts as the only recipients of the offerings, claiming that including the ancestors as the recipients were aimed to adapt the religion to the dominant, yet ultimately non-essential, cultural values (60) – their emphasis is on the Buddhist deliverance from the six paths of rebirth. This stark contrast is deemed to create a conflict between the Buddhist idea of ephemerality and Chinese social solidarity. Interestingly, the two concepts are able to be reconciled to form a bigger whole. In fact, historical records clearly reveals that both entities were served. As Teiser cites from the yun lian pen sutra, the Buddha orders the Sangha to release themselves â€Å"for the sake of seven generations of ancestors, your current parents and those in distress† (61). In his article â€Å"Ghosts and Ancestors in Medieval Chinese Religion: The Yu-lan-p’en festival as Mortuary Ritual† from the book History of Religions, Stephen F. Teiser tackles the controversy by construing the ghost festival as rites of passage. This means that the ritual allows the individual to undergo a transition from one social group to another. He or she hence leaves one â€Å"world† and joins another, with liminal period in between (Teiser 52). The celebration imbues in the dead a sense of regeneration and rebirth, through the cycle of seasonal festivals (58). In this respect, both the marginal state of the ghosts and the settled group status of the ancestors are imperative aspects of the entirety of the process. While both sides are different, they are by ritual structure, on the same side, hence by no means contradictory. Anthropologists tend to describe this as the ideas the yin and yang aspect – the fundamental basis of Chinese philosophy- of death: two seemingly opposing sides that in fact complement each other to a unitary process. Acknowledging the mutual existence of ancestors and ghosts reflects the dual nature of the hungry ghost festival. Several other views prevail in appreciating the duality of the yun lan p’en. The ritual can also be interpreted as a practice that allows a new form for an old practice – as In de Groot contends, Buddhism has offered Chinese culture with an â€Å"exotic edifice† of ritual that concords with the Chinese â€Å"extreme concern for the destiny of the dead† (62). Another perspective relies on the Chinese practicality to explain the seemingly contradicting nature of the ritual. As Holmes Welch explains, the Chinese cult exercises both aspects of the practice like a â€Å"prudent man dealing with the unknown,† since there is no way of knowing which version of the afterlife is true. This results in the form of ghost festival, which ensures that the rites of both versions are engaged (62). Essentially however, the practice recognizes the immortality of the group – as demonstrated by the ancestors – in the face of death – the ritual by nature is aimed to place the deceased as a part of the structurally unchanging king group and compels all of the members of the group, both living and dead, to gather for a communal meal (Teiser 64). One does not have to dominate, suppress or reduce the other. Understanding that these concepts are not mutually exclusive allows for an appreciation of the bigger framework of the festival – one that is full of seemingly contradictory ideas such as Buddhism and Chinese cult, ancestors and ghosts, life and death. Hence the coexistence of the ideas in the ritual are not an irony but rather a paradox in that juxtaposing the two concepts sheds light to the value of the Hungry Ghost festival.